Nov 29, 2009

The Witness for the Prosecution

1. If you were a film or stage producer, what actor/actress would you choose to play the role of the main characters? Support your answer.

Keanu Reeves as Leonard Vole --> (My mom is definitely in love with this man, ha.) I'd choose Keanu Reeves because he is the man who has this adorable and enormously innocent appearance, and anyone would definitely believe that he's not guilty (as in Sweet November); but he can also be an action man who would easily murder someone. He is a great actor, and his quality of versatile allows him to play any kind of role.


Nicole Kidman as Romaine Vole --> Nicole Kidman is one of my favorite actresses, a really talented and brilliant woman. I'd choose her because she can act as a woman who has to be the center of attention (like Satine in Moulin Rouge). Another reason for me choosing her is that amazingly penetrating gaze she has, and the myterious crooked smile that she sometimes uses, that are two things that seem to be perfect for an accomplice.


Thomas Gibson as Mr. Mayherne --> Gibson has become one of my favorite actors, playing one of the main roles in my favorite TV show: Criminal Minds. I chose Gibson to act as the attorney mainly because of the way he acts in Criminal Minds: the character is a very serious man, who was once a prosecutor, and he has the strength an intelligence to be in a trial; he believes in justice and does as much as he can to make it possible.



2. Which are the main differences between the film and the book? Which one has more suspense?

1. The biggest difference of all is the ending. While in the book there is an abrupt ending in which Romaine tells Mr. Mayherne her plans and makes him see that Mr. Vole was indeed guilty, the movie ends with Romaine (or Christine, in the film) murdering Mr. Vole out of jealousy.
2. Another great difference was the one of the attorney. Mr. Mayherne is the one and only attorney in the book, and in the movie, there's Sir Wilfrid as the main attorney and some other people. Besides, in the book, Mr. Vole tells Mr. Mayherne his side of the story, while in the movie he tells it to Mr. Vole and a judge.
3. One more difference: the idea of Mr. Vole going on a trip with an unknown young lady once he could receive Mrs. French's money (this in the film). This was never mentioned in the book, but such thing was the one that lead Romaine/Christine to murder Mr. Vole.
4. One thing that changes from the book to the film is the way the old lady contacts the attorney. I definitely like the book's best, because the way the note is written (full of spelling mistakes) showed a bit of the woman's identity and economic situation.
The reading, in my opinion, has more suspense. The way Agatha Christie leads to ask oneself what will happen next, and to me the ending was a bit unexpected. Besides, I read the story before watching the film, and I didn't sense the feeling of suspense in the latter.


3. Do you think this case could be solved easily in our time? Why or why not?

As someone who watches too many procedural shows (Criminal Minds itself, CSI, Law and Order, Bones), I definitely believe that the case could have been solved. Usually when people murder for the first time, unless they have planned it with a lot of perfection (which in this case I doubt it or Leonard would have killed Mrs. Mackenzie as well to leave no witnesses), leave some clues of who killed the victim (a piece of flesh or cloth, for instance). And even though these shows are fiction, many of the things they do are actually used to solve cases in real life (especially in countries like the US or Great Britain, where they have the money to afford that kind of special equipment).


4. Is a blood test enough proof to determine a person's innocence/guilt? Explain briefly.

Blood tests are usually used for medical purposes, and they usually help to identify diseases or allergies in someone rather than their identity. On the other hand, witnesses, weapons, bloodstains (that undergo DNA analysis), and fingerprints are good ways to prove someone's innocence or guilt.


5. Which is an undeniable evidence to determine a person's identity? Support your answer.

The forensic DNA analysis. It was first described as DNA profiling in 1985 by an English geneticist called Dr. Alec Jeffreys. This man discovered that regions of DNA contained DNA sequences that were repeated over and over again next to each other, and that the number of repeated sections presented in a sample could differ from individual to individual. He later on developed a technique to examine the length variation of these DNA repeat sequences, creating the ability to perform human identity tests. As we all know, no one is genetically the same, and these DNA analysis techniques have been perfectioned with time to prove a person's identity with science.
Besides its use on the criminal field, DNA tests are widely used worldwide to prove someone’s paternity or to know about someone's biologic family through DNA analysis.
(With information from http://www.dna.gov/basics/analysishistory)

6. If not for Romaine's testimony, do you consider this a perfect crime? Support your answer.

I would have considered it a lousy crime! Even though all the evidence was circumstantial, the only person who believed his innocence was the attorney. Romaine's testimony was the one that made it a perfect crime, since it (the testimony) was brilliantly planned and executed to leave no doubts of Leonard's innocence, and since it is true that the Law cannot press charges against someone for a same crime more than once, he would have to have committed another murdered or crime to be sent to prison. I consider Romaine, at least, three times much cleverer than her careless husband.


7. Which was your favorite scene and your favorite character? Explain briefly your preference.

In the book: my favorite scene was when Mr. Mayherne received the old lady's note and when he goes to visit her. I think that I loved that part because this woman made me laugh in some sort of way; her way of speaking captivated me because it was really different from what I conceived as informal language, and I think it was a linguistic approach to a early-20th-century English poor person.
I definitely choose Mr. Mayherne as my favorite character, because he strongly believed in his client - that shows passion for the job; he did everything that was in his power to show his innocence - that shows conviction; and the only reason he helped Mr. Vole was because he really thought he wasn't guilty, not because of money, and I'm sure he would not have helped him that much if he believed in Vole's guiltiness - that shows honesty. If the modern world had attorneys like Mayherne, the legal system would function much, much better.

In the film: definitely the end, I love passionate murders! I am not saying that I would kill for love (I don't think that I'd kill for anything, Miss, please don't misunderstand me :D), but Leonard was a man who deserved to have an unhappy ending: he killed a sweet, affectionate old lady, stayed with her money, broke his wife's heart by dumping her, and would go on a luxurious trip with another woman? What justice could it be in the world if he escaped happily and with no remorse? I think that Romaine/Christine acted bravely - she did what we would all have wanted to do!
I choose, just like in the book, Sir Wilfred as my favorite character of the film. He was a nice man who worked despite of his health condition, and he was enormously clever! He was a really great lawyer, and a truly nice person (I liked those scenes in which you could see Sir Wilfred with the nurse, and talking about his vacations and his Bermuda shorts).

Oct 26, 2009

Man in the Mirror

Well, I've easily watched this video 45 times (AXN played it all day long along with "Murder on the Dance Floor" after MJ died), and my mom and I have always agreed on the fact that it does have a a certain social message, which is something I really like.

There are many important (in both a positive and negative way) people on the video, so just to mention a few...

1. AWESOME PEOPLE WHO CHANGED SOCIETY:
  • Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
  • Mother Theresa
  • John F. Kennedy
  • Robert F. Kennedy
  • Desmond Tutu
  • John Lennon
  • Mahatma Gandhi
2. PEOPLE WHO DO NOT DESERVE TO BE CALLED HUMAN:
  • Adolf Hitler
  • Members of the KKK
These are concrete examples, but the video is full of scenes that contain starving African children (which make me feel real sad and pretty helpless... I just can't stand watching this children eating a cookie and thinking that that cookie will probably be the monthly meal), people who get involved in marches (against war, or nuclear tragedies), and there is at least one scene where the "Make love, not war" phrase appears.

All in all, I think it is a very interesting video because of this. Nowadays videos do not even think of social importance - as long as there is a pretty girl or an enormously attractive guy, and as long as the song is famous, the performers are okay with the video.

I think the video and the song have a link because of this:
IF YOU WANNA MAKE THE WORLD
A BETTER PLACE
TAKE A LOOK AT YOURSELF, AND
THEN MAKE A CHANGE
Which is a part of the song that shows that when people decide to make change (both themselves and their immediate society), the world becomes a better place to live. But nothing is perfect, and there's usually an opposing force in everything, so in order to balance the video, we can also remember those who have led to destruction and chaos. It's a contrast to show that even though there's evil in the world, there's also good; and that the latter makes it worth fighting for.

I think this video is a tribute to all of those who have fought and succeeded in improving our world - it is an inspiring song that talks about how people change the world if they want to, and there cannot be a better example of such thing than these men and women.

Michael Jackson was a man who had great affection for the world (he actually donated part of his income to different philanthropic associations), and I'm sure he admired the ["good"] people who appeared here. It is not surprising that a man who had social conscience (despite all the legal issues the man got involved in) decided to make a video of this kind.

Oct 9, 2009

Holocaust: Dr. Josef Mengele

Medicine is one of those professions that can create at least two opinions: "Medicine is our only hope; medicine saves us," or, "Medicine is a great fraud." Either way, medicine has always played a big role in society, and doctors are highly respected in the scientific community nowadays. Of curse, doctors who work in the scientific research field use hairy white animals known as laboratory rats; but during World War II there was a man who instead of using these small mammals, decided to use other hairy, white-skinned (or dark-skinned) animals known as human beings for his experiments. His name was Josef Mengele, also known as the Angel of death.

He was born on March 15, 1911, in Germany. His parents were part of a deeply respected catholic family, and he had two younger brothers: Karl and Alois. Mengele's father, Karl, fought in the Great War, and when it ended, he returned to take care of the family business, spending long hours in a laboratory, experimenting and trying to invent machines that would improve some agricultural tasks.
On the other hand, Mengele was a really promising student - he had excellent grades and a really huge intellect. These were enough reasons for him to leave his hometown and go to Munich to study philosophy. It is important to highlight this event, because it was in that great city were Mengele listened to one of Adolf Hitler's speeches, catching his attention so much that he joined the Nazi Party in 1934.
Years passed and Mengele went from national hero to probably the most terrifying doctor in world history. Around a decade later after joining the Party, the doctor arrived to Auschwitz, where the real magic of his scientific research would begin (details of these experiments will be given later on in this post).

Then, the war ended, Germany lost against the Allies and Mengele had to find a way to get away from there. Disguised as a regular soldier, worked in another camp, left it before it was destroyed; then he was taken as a prisoner of war and ironically was set free by the Allies.
He then started to plan his escape from Europe. By creating a false Italian identity for himself, he obtained a passport and left to Argentina. That was almost in 1950, and from that moment until his death (in 1979, almost confirmed in a 100%), Mengele spent his days running from any possible danger and any possibility of his detention. He lived in Paraguay for a time and in Brazil (where he is suspected to have created a twin town).


Josef Mengele, German physician and SS captain. In 1943, he was named SS garrison physician (Standortartz) of Auschwitz. In that capacity, he was responsible for the differentiation and selection of those fit to work and those destined for gassing. Mengele also carried out human experiments on camp inmates, especially twins. Place and date uncertain.


About Mengele's experiments

(This is when the terrible part of the post begins.)

Though Dr. Mengele is enormously famous because of his experiments, he was obviously not the only one who attempted in such a savage way against people. General experiments (this is, experiments that took place in different concentration camps) included:
  • High-altitude experiments: their purpose was to investigate how much a human being could resist high altitudes without the use of oxygen.

    A prisoner in a compression chamber loses consciousness (and later dies) during an experiment to determine altitudes at which aircraft crews could survive without oxygen. Dachau, Germany, 1942.

  • Incendiary-bomb experiments: human guinea pigs had inflicted wounds with matter used for bombs, and the aim of the experiments was to know the effects of different pharmaceutical preparations on that kind of burns.
  • Freezing experiments: they were done to know about human resistance on too-cold weather conditions (which was actually a valuable information for the German troops in the East), and they were performed either by putting someone [naked] inside a vat full of icy water or by leaving the person [naked, once more] outside of the laboratory, in the natural freezing weather of the camp. Doctors also tried a series of ways to "warm" the unconscious men, which including leaving them under a burning sun lamp; irrigating hot water into the man's stomach, bladder and intestines; and hot baths. They even tried to do a warming by body heat experiment, making a woman try to have sexual intercourse with a frozen man (one of the sickest things I've ever heard, in my opinion).

    A victim of a Nazi medical experiment is immersed in icy water at the Dachau concentration camp. SS doctor Sigmund Rascher oversees the experiment. Germany, 1942.

  • Malaria experiments: doctors infected people with malaria by mosquito bites, trying to know about immunization for the disease, as well as to search a treatment. Obviously, most of the people died (it is believed that around 90%).
Dr. Mengele had a specific type of scientific sample - twins (he believed that if he found a way to make women give birth to twins, the Aryan race would populate the world more quickly), dwarves (from whom he studied physiology and pathology), and any human with interesting physical traits. Mengele had such an importance in Auschwitz that he was one of the few people who could decide who went directly to the gas chambers, who was going to be working and who would be part of the experiments. Even the SS guards felt somewhat afraid when he arrived to do so.
Mengele treated his "patients" (before the experiments) in a good way: he let them play, no one cut their hair... Some kids even called him Uncle Mengele. The kids had a non-violent life, and the only painful thing was the blood drawn from legs, arms, and even neck. Unfortunately, nothing lasts forever, and the humane treatment this people (mostly kids) received ended once they were taken to the laboratories. The following were some of the experiments performed by Josef Mengele:
  • Measurements: twins were brought to the lab, and every single physical aspect of them was measured (hair, height, eyes, even underarm hair). This took several hours, even days at times.
  • Twin blood: Mengele and his doctors performed massive blood transfusions from one twin to the other.
  • Eye color: Mengele believed that there was a way to change the color of the iris, so a series of chemical substances were injected (or dropped) into the people's eyes.

    Soviet soldiers inspect a box containing poison used in medical experiments. Auschwitz, Poland, after January 27, 1945.

  • Diseases: one twin was injected a disease (such as tuberculosis or typhus) and the other one wasn't. When the infected twin died, the doctors killed the other twin. Both were sent to the pathologist (Dr.Miklos Nyiszli) to compare the effects of the disease.
  • Surgeries: many surgeries were performed, none of them with anesthesia. These included castration, organ removal and amputations. Mengele even tried to sew twins together as siameses.

    Victims of Dr. Josef Mengele's medical experiments at Auschwitz-Birkenau. Poland, 1944.
In order to kill the people when they were no longer useful, they were stabbed with a needle that pierced their heart; the needle contained either chloroform or phenol, killing them in a matter of seconds.



This experiments definitely took the idea of "He died for the science sakes" to a totally new level - a truly sadistic one. Being able to perform these series of tests (especially on children) without feeling any pain or even a slight remorse cannot be proper of a human being. Those doctors who once swore to help people not only betrayed the Hippocratic Oath, but they also betrayed humanity.
Science is meant to help people, to explain the mysteries of the nature, but when it is left in the hands of hundreds of psychopaths, things such as these are likely to happen.


--> Sources:

  • http://www.auschwitz.dk/mengele/id17.htm
  • http://history1900s.about.com/library/holocaust/blmengele.htm
  • http://sgm.casposidad.com/prensa/angelmuerte.htm
  • http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/brazil/4307262/Nazi-angel-of-death-Josef-Mengele-created-twin-town-in-Brazil.html
  • http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/aumed.html
  • http://www.mengele.dk/children/experiments.htm
  • http://www.remember.org/educate/medexp.html
  • http://history1900s.about.com/od/auschwitz/a/mengeletwins_2.htm

Oct 8, 2009

Holocaust: Nazi's building complexes

As I had previously told you, World War II is one of my favorite topics, so you can assume that I'm more than delighted with doing this research.

Going back to the topic, the Nazis developed a series of buildings (structures, or architectural designs?) in order to control even more the Jews:
  1. Ghettos: the term ghetto comes from the name of a Jewish community established in Venice, around 1516. Though ghettos had been created many years before the war, the Nazis used them to isolate and segregate the Jews. In an order commanded by Reinhard Heydrich, Gestapo's chief, on September 1939, Jews living in Poland were taken from their small villages to the larger cities, in order to be "watched" in a more efficient way by this same secret police department. Ghettos were used as a transitional zone to arrive to concentration camps, but in 1942, when the "Final Solution" was implemented, Ghettos were destroyed and their inhabitants were immediately taken to death camps (except in Hungary, where Jews started to move to ghettos until 1944).
    Ghettos were literally four gigantic walls (with some buildings inside them); they had a terrible overpopulation, which caused hunger, and a great amount of health problems; they lacked public services and the winters were too harsh to survive in poor health conditions. This means that ghettos were just another way to exterminate Jews in a painful and slower way.
    Though there were more than 400 ghettos in Europe, one of the most important ones was the Warsaw Ghetto, where more than 5,000 people lost their lives.


  2. Concentration Camps: they have existed for centuries, all of them with the same purpose - to confine a determined group of people, forcing them to work under inhumane conditions. Focusing on the Nazi German concentration camps, they were established long before the war started officially: in 1933, when Hitler and the Nazis got power in the country.
    Nazi concentration camps were
    home to a big fraction of the population, since not only Jews were prisoners, but also communists, socialists, homosexuals, and Jehovah's Witnesses, among others. They usually had bunks for people to sleep, the food each person received (if any) was minimal, and all people (complying with certain conditions, such as age, health status, etc.) worked under stress and pressure.
    One of the most famous concentration camps is Bergen-Belsen (Germany), which was established in 1940, though it was only until 1944 that it started to function as a regular concentration camp. More than 10,000 people died inside the camp, including Anne Frank.

The Nazis also implemented another type of camps, a bit different from the concentration camps, these were the death camps (that I mentioned previously, when talking about the ghettos). These camps were created in 1941, and even though the Final Solution took place one year later, the camps had been designed with the same purpose, which was, among other points:
  • Immediate death for those who were unable to work or the very young, the old, and the weak.
  • Eventual death for the remnant.
This way, the death camps were the easy way to exterminate [mostly] Jews in massive quantities. One of the most famous ways to perform this plan is the gas chamber. Gas chambers functioned by introducing a deadly poisonous gas into a hermetically sealed room, and used (regularly) either carbon monoxide (CO) or Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN); this last one was delivered to the chambers under the number of Zyklon-B, and its deathly power is such that one milligram per body weight is enough to kill a human being (so if a person weighted 100 Kg, it would only need 100 mg of HCN to die, and that is less than a gram, which is quite scary and horrible in my opinion).
The death camps were: Belzec (Poland), Chelmno (Poland), Sobibor (Poland), and Treblinka (Poland).



Some other camps worked as both, a concentration and a death camp, just like the probably most famous camp of all: Auschwitz-Birkenau (Poland as well). It was established under the direction of Heinrich Himmler (chief of Schutzstaffel (SS), the Nazi guards), 1940. This place is synonym of one of the greatest crimes against any human, it not only killed people, it not only made them work under terrible conditions, but they also used a determined sector of the population (mostly twins and dwarfs) to produce a series of medical experiments, carried out my a man called Josef Mengele (from whom I will write about in another post). It is estimated that between 1.5 and 4 million people died in Auschwitz, until the Allies liberated the camp in 1945. A year later, in the remaining zone of the camp, a museum was funded.


In my opinion, the Nazis had a very brilliant system to control the population they despised the most; nevertheless, this is not a justification for any of their acts and their ease to attempt against mankind. What the did inside those places must be the nearest a live human being has ever been from hell, and their survivors are the greatest representation of strength and courage. I truly hope this doesn't occur ever again, no person deserves to be treated this way.

---> My sources: